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Akhmim wooden tablets
The Akhmim wooden tablets or Cairo wooden tablets (''Cairo Cat. 25367'' and ''25368'') are two ancient Egyptian wooden writing tablets. They each measure about 18 by 10 inches and are covered with plaster. The tablets are inscribed on both sides. The inscriptions on the first tablet includes a list of servants, which is followed by a mathematical text.〔T. Eric Peet, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 9, No. 1/2 (April 1923), pp. 91–95, Egypt Exploration Society〕 The text is dated to year 38 (it was at first thought to be from year 28) of an otherwise unnamed king. The general dating to the early Egyptian Middle Kingdom combined with the high regnal year suggests that the tables may date to the reign of Senusret I, ca. 1950 BC.〔William K. Simpson, An Additional Fragment from the "Hatnub" Stela, ''Journal of Near Eastern Studies'', Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan 1961), pp. 25–30〕 The second tablet also lists several servants and further contains mathematical texts.〔
The tablets are currently housed in Cairo's Museum of Egyptian Antiquities. The text was reported by Daressy in 1901 〔Daressy, Georges, Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire, Volume No. 25001-25385, 1901.〕 and later analyzed and published in 1906.〔Daressy, Georges, "Calculs égyptiens du Moyen Empire", in Recueil de travaux relatifs à la philologie et à l'archéologie égyptiennes et assyriennes XXVIII, 1906, 62–72.〕
The first half of the tablet details five multiplications of a ''hekat'' unity (64/64) by 1/3, 1/7, 1/10, 1/11 and 1/13. The answers were written in binary Eye of Horus quotients, and exact Egyptian fraction remainders, scaled to a 1/320 factor named ''ro''. The second half of the document proved the correctness of the five division answers by multiplying the two-part quotient and remainder answer by its respective (3, 7, 10, 11 and 13) dividend that returned the ''ab initio'' hekat unity, 64/64.
In 2002, Hana Vymazalová obtained a fresh copy of the text from the Cairo Museum, and confirmed that all five two-part answers were correctly checked for accuracy by the scribe that returned a 64/64 hekat unity. Minor typographical errors in Daressy's copy of two problems, the division by 11 and 13 data, were corrected at this time.〔Vymazalova, H. "The Wooden Tablets from Cairo: The Use of the Grain Unit HK3T in Ancient Egypt." Archive Orientallai, Charles U., Prague, pp. 27–42, 2002.〕 The proof that all five divisions had been exact was suspected by Daressy, but was not proven in 1906.
==Mathematical content==
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